Three-dimensional graphene (3D-C) foam integrated with epoxy-based shape memory polymer (SMP) results in a self-deployable smart composite material with tuneable electrical and thermal conductivity along with enhanced shape transformation capabilities. The 3D-C/SMP composite could be used to develop deployment hinges and antennas for satellites, replacing the traditionally used electromechanical deployment system.

Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) possess distinctive advantages, including being lightweight, cost-effective, low in density, easily fabricated, biodegradable, and highly deformable in shape, in contrast to other "smart materials" like shape memory alloys and ceramics. These attributes render SMPs suitable for deployable space structures, as well as various applications in biomedicine, textiles, and actuators. Among the various SMP types, thermally activated SMPs are the most prevalent, requiring gradual Joule heating to reach the transition temperature, making them well-suited for space applications.

3D-C infusion has demonstrated a substantial improvement in SMP deployment performance, achieving a response five times faster and the capability to deploy over a larger area, up to 15cm in length. Despite these advancements, identifying a suitable SMP for space use remains a challenge. The transition temperature (Tg) for the SMP should be above its worst-case operating environment in the orbit (~120ºC). However, a high Tg SMP poses a challenge as it necessitates a high-power load for heating. Compounded by the rapid heat loss to the environment due to the high-temperature differential, creating a power-efficient SMP actuator becomes challenging. Here, we discuss the application of thermal control coatings on the 3D-C/SMP composite to prevent incidental heating from solar radiation and provide thermal insulation, minimizing excessive heat loss during transitions. This combined strategy aims to fabricate an efficient actuator suitable for space applications.